生物质制氢技术及其研究进展

Research Advances in Technology of Hydrogen Production from Biomass

关键词:  氢气  生物质  气化  热解  发酵

Key Words:hydrogen  biomass  gasification  pyrolysis  fermentation

摘要:在制浆造纸、生物炼制以及农业生产过程中，会产生许多生物质下脚料或废弃物，通过制氢技术可将这些废弃物转化再利用。以生物质为原料来制取氢气具有节能、环保、来源丰富的优点，主要包括化学法与生物法。化学法又细分为气化法、热解重整法、超临界水转化法以及其他化学转化方法。生物法可细分为光解水制氢、光发酵制氢、暗发酵制氢以及光暗耦合发酵制氢。本文对多种生物质制氢方法及原理进行总结，对各种方法的优缺点进行对比，介绍了近年来生物质制氢技术的研究进展，最后对生物质制氢的发展提出展望。

Abstract:A lot of biomass wastes are produced in the process of pulp and paper making, biological refining and agricultural production.These wastes can be converted into hydrogen with the help of hydrogen production technology.Hydrogen production from biomass with the advantages of abundant sources and energy saving as well as environment friendly can be carried out based on chemical or biological conversion processes. The chemical conversion covers gasification, pyrolysis and reforming, supercritical process and some other chemical processes. The biological conversion mainly includes photolysis of water, photo fermentation, dark fermentation and the combination of photo and dark fermentations. The techniques and mechanisms of the hydrogen productions from biomass are summarized and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared. The research progresses of hydrogen production from biomass in recent years are introduced. At last, the prospect of the development of hydrogen production from biomass is put forward.