甲酸水解法清洁制备纳米纤维素及其功能性应用和展望

Clean Preparation and Functional Application Prospect of Nanocellulose Based on Formic Acid Hydrolysis

关键词:  纳米纤维素  纤维素纳米晶体  纤维素纳米纤丝  甲酸水解  清洁制备

Key Words:nanocellulose  cellulose nanocrystal  cellulose nanofibril  formic acid hydrolysis  clean preparation

摘要:纳米纤维素是一种绿色可再生的生物基纳米材料，由于其特殊的物化性质备受学术界和工业界的广泛关注。清洁高效的纳米纤维素制备方法的建立对实现其规模化生产和商业化应用尤为重要。本文主要综述了甲酸水解法清洁制备纳米纤维素的研究进展。与传统的无机强酸水解法相比，甲酸水解法制备纳米纤维素的主要优点包括：甲酸易回收和回用，可确保整个制备过程的清洁；甲酸在水解纤维素的同时，也与纤维素表面羟基发生反应，从而在纤维素表面引入酯基，同步实现纳米纤维素的制备与表面改性；通过反应条件的控制，可实现纳米纤维素形貌和性质的可控制备。此外，本文还概括介绍了甲酸水解法制备的纳米纤维素的功能性应用和展望。由于其特殊的表面性质，甲酸水解法制备的纳米纤维素在构建异质膜器件、Pickering乳液，以及橡胶和塑料复合材料加填等领域具有广阔的应用前景。

Abstract:Nanocellulose （NC） is a green and renewable bio-based nanomaterial， and it has been paid widely attentions by academia and industry due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Therefore， clean and effective production of NC is of vital importance for its large-scale production and commercial application. Compared to conventional inorganic acid hydrolysis for the preparation of NC， the advantages of formic acid （FA） hydrolysis method including the whole process for the preparation of NC is clean because FA can be easily recovered and reused. FA can not only hydrolyze cellulose， but also can react with hydroxyls on the surface of cellulose， thus introducing ester groups on NC and achieving simultaneous production and surface modification of NC. Tailored production of NC can be achieved by adjusting the conditions of FA hydrolysis. In addition， the functional applications and prospects of NC prepared by FA hydrolysis are summarized. Due to its unique surface properties， NC prepared by formic acid hydrolysis has broad application prospects in the fields of heterogeneous membrane devices， Pickering emulsions， nanofillers for rubber and plastic composite materials， and so forth.