吸油疏水型纤维增强淀粉基泡沫材料的研究

Study on Oil-absorbing Hydrophobic Fiber Reinforced Starch-Based Absorbent Materials

关键词:  玉米淀粉  疏水改性  泡沫材料  针叶木纤维  吸附

Key Words:corn starch  hydrophobic modification  foam material  coniferous wood fiber  adsorption

摘要:采用玉米淀粉为原料，预处理后的针叶木纤维为增强体，制备了纤维增强型淀粉基泡沫材料。结果表明，在添加少量针叶木纤维后，淀粉基泡沫材料的力学性能及孔隙结构得到极大改善。当淀粉添加量4.5%，针叶木纤维添加量1.5%时，材料的压缩强度最大，达4.66 MPa，孔隙率为88%，密度为0.13 g/cm³。通过吸附表征发现，该材料主要以吸附水为主。通过酯化反应对玉米淀粉进行疏水改性，并以预处理后的针叶木纤维为增强体，制备了疏水改性的纤维增强型淀粉基泡沫材料。当盐酸用量相同，硬脂酸用量为6 g时，材料拉伸强度最大，达0.25 MPa；硬脂酸用量为4 g时，材料抗压强度最大，达4.76 MPa。疏水改性后材料的力学性能和疏水性能相对于未改性前均有所提高，同时也提高了其吸附的油水比，使材料具有一定的亲油性。

Abstract:In this study， fiber reinforced starch-based foam materials were prepared with corn starch as raw material and pretreated softwood fibers as reinforcement. The results showed that the mechanical properties and pore structure of starch-based foam materials were greatly improved after adding a small amount of softwood fibers. When the starch content was 4.5% and the softwood fibers content was 1.5%， the compressive strength of the material reached the maximum of 4.66 MPa. At this time， the porosity of the material was 88% and the density was 0.13 g/cm³. The adsorption results showed that the starch-based foam materials mainly absorbed water. Then， the corn starch was hydrophobic modified by esterification， and the fiber reinforced starch-based foam materials with hydrophobic modification were prepared with softwood fibers as reinforcement. When the dosage of hydrochloric acid was same， the dosage of stearic acid was 6 g， the tensile strength reached the maximum of 0.25 MPa. When the dosage of stearic acid was 4 g， the compressive strength reached the maximum of 4.76 MPa. Thus， compared to the materials before modification， both the mechanical properties and hydrophobicity of hydrophobic modified materials were improved. The oil-water ratio of adsorption was also improved， so that the materials had a certain lipophilicity.