多糖基塑料研究进展

Progress of Polysaccharide-based Plastics

关键词:  多糖  纤维素  甲壳素  淀粉  生物基塑料

Key Words:polysaccharide  cellulose  chitin  starch  bioplastics

摘要:为解决不可降解塑料带来的环境污染问题，开发具有可降解特性的生物基塑料成为研究热点。天然多糖具有生物降解、生物相容和抗菌等特性，是制备可降解塑料的理想原料。但是由于天然高分子多糖具有较高的结晶度无法直接加工利用，且多羟基结构使多糖基材料在高湿环境下易吸湿导致性能下降。因此，制备高性能的多糖基塑料仍具有很大的挑战。本文综述了近年来采用纤维素、甲壳素和淀粉3种天然多糖为原料，通过分子工程和复合策略构建多糖基塑料的研究进展，为开发新型多糖基生物可降解塑料提供理论基础和研究思路。

Abstract:In order to solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by petroleum-based plastics， the development of bioplastics with degradable properties is a research hotspot. Owing to the characteristics of biodegradability， biocompatibility and antibacterial， natural polysaccharides are ideal raw materials for the preparation of biodegradable plastics. Natural polymer polysaccharides are difficult to directly utilize because of high crystallinity. Meanwhile， the structure of polyhydroxy caused polysaccharide-based materials easily hygroscopic in high humidity environment， resulting in structural damage and performance reduction. Therefore， it is still a great challenge to prepare polysaccharide-based plastics with high performance. The research progress of polysaccharide-based plastics prepared from cellulose， chitin， and starch via molecular engineering and compounding strategies were introduced in this paper， which provided a theoretical basis and research ideas for the development of polysaccharide-based biodegradable plastics in the future.