碳水化合物非酶催化转化为乳酸及乳酸酯的研究进展

Research Advances in Non-enzymatic Conversion of Carbohydrates to Lactic Acid and Lactate

关键词:  碳水化合物  非酶催化  乳酸  乳酸酯  路易斯酸  质子酸

Key Words:carbohydrates  non-enzymatic catalysis  lactic acid  lactates  Lewis acid  Brønsted acid

摘要:本文概述了常规催化体系（均相和非均相）中Lewis酸（L酸）和Brønsted酸（B酸）催化碳水化合物（三碳糖、五碳糖、六碳糖和纤维素）转化为乳酸/乳酸酯所涉及的主反应（如水解、异构、逆羟醛和氢转移等）和副反应（如脱水和缩合等）路径，以及催化剂结构与催化效率间的构效关系；综述了基于金属有机骨架（MOF）、锡基硅酸盐和石墨化的氮化碳材料构建新型非均相和光催化体系的研究进展；对复合功能型催化剂（含L酸、B酸、绑定基团和多级孔结构）的未来发展趋势进行了展望。

Abstract:In this paper， it was summarized that the main-reaction （for example hydrolysis， isomerization， retro-aldol， and hydride shift， etc.） and side-reaction （for example dehydration and condensation， etc.） pathways involved in the catalytic conversion of carbohydrates （three-carbon， five-carbon， six-carbon sugars， and cellulose） to lactic acid/lactates by Lewis acid （L acid） and Brønsted acid （B acid） in conventional catalytic systems （homogeneous and heterogeneous）， and corresponding relationships between structure of different catalysts and their catalytic efficiencies. Based on the materials of metal-organic framework （MOF）， tin-based silicates and graphitized carbon nitride， the latest research progress in constructing new heterogeneous and photocatalytic systems were reviewed. The future development trend of multifunctional catalysts （including L acid， B acid， binding groups， and multi-level pore structure） was prospected.