几种麻类纤维形态结构特征的研究

Study on the Morphological and Structural Characteristics of Hemp Fibers

关键词:  麻类纤维  解剖结构  表面形貌  微纤丝角  微晶结构

Key Words:hemp fibers  anatomical structure  surface morphology  microfiber angle  microcrystalline structure

摘要:本研究以菠萝麻、大麻、黄麻、剑麻4种麻类纤维为研究对象，对其基本形态、解剖结构、表面形貌、细胞壁结构、微纤丝角、微晶结构特征进行了研究。结果表明，4种麻类纤维均具有较高的长径比，不同麻纤维形态差异较大；在4种麻纤维的解剖结构中，大麻韧皮纤维群呈团簇分布，黄麻韧皮纤维群沿径向行规律分布，菠萝麻和剑麻的叶片纤维均存在于维管束外围；4种麻纤维表面均较粗糙，初生壁微纤丝排布无规则，其中大麻纤维表面褶皱最为密集；4种麻纤维均有明显的多壁层结构，其中剑麻纤维细胞壁壁层结构最为紧密；大麻、黄麻韧皮麻类纤维微纤丝角较小，分别为6.61°、7.67°，菠萝麻、剑麻叶片麻类纤维的微纤丝角分别为16.29°、20.84°；菠萝麻与大麻纤维的结晶度均在80%以上，黄麻和剑麻的微粒尺寸较小，均小于3 nm。

Abstract:In this study， the basic morphology， anatomical structure， surface morphology， cell wall structure， microfibril angle， and microcrystalline structure characteristics of four hemp fibers including Ananas comosus， Cannabis sativa， Corchorus capsularis， and Agave sisalana were studied. The results showed that all of the four hemp fibers had a high aspect ratio， and there were significant differences in the morphology of different hemp fibers. Among the anatomical structures of the four hemp fibers， the Corchorus sativa phloem fiber group was distributed in clusters， while the Corchorus capsularis phloem fiber group was distributed in a radial pattern. The leaf fibers of Ananas comosus and Agave sisalana both existed at the periphery of vascular bundles. The surfaces of the four hemp fibers were relatively rough， and the arrangement of primary wall microfibrils was irregular. Among them， the surface wrinkles of Corchorus sativa fibers was the most dense. All of four hemp fibers had obvious multi walled structures， among which the cell wall structure of sisal fibers was the most compact. The microfibril angles of Corchorus sativa and Corchorus capsularis bast stem fibers were relatively small at 6.61° and 7.67°， respectively， while the microfibril angles of Ananas comosus and Agave sisalana leaf hemp fibers were 16.29° and 20.84°， respectively. The crystallinity of Ananas comosus and Cannalois sativa fibers were both above 80%， while the particle size of Corchorus capsularis and Agave sisalana fibers were smaller than 3 nm.