国家博物馆藏清代《通鉴纪事本末》纸张研究与分类修复

Paper Research and Classified Restoration of the Qing Dynasty Tong Jian Ji Shi Ben Mo Collected in the National Museum of China

关键词:  纤维分析  显微观察  古籍虫洞观察  分类修复

Key Words:fiber analysis  microscopic observation  observation of moth-eaten ancient books  classified repair

摘要:中国国家博物馆藏清同治十二年江西书局刻本《通鉴纪事本末》（80册）出现了虫蛀、断线、残缺、水渍与污渍等病害，为制订合理的保护修复方案，使用多种现代分析仪器，分析了纸张的物理性能，并根据观察到的纤维形貌推测了纸张的纤维组成和加工工艺。针对古籍体量巨大与修复精力不足的矛盾，结合保管需求，制定了分类修复方案，并在修复前后采取熏蒸杀虫和函套配制的措施。结果表明，古籍封皮纸、签条纸、内页纸均为竹纸，且无涂布。古籍纸张的平均pH值为5.5，处在轻度酸化的边沿，鉴于纸张强度尚佳，修复中未做脱酸处理。在实际修复过程中，选取5册整本修复，采取逐页修补压平（1册）与局部修复、整体还原（4册）相结合的做法，其余书册采用“修皮换线”的方式。

Abstract:Tong Jian Ji Shi Ben Mo（80 volume） was block-printed edition from Jiangxi Publishing House， edited in the twelfth year of Qing Dynasty’s emperor Tongzhi， which was collected in the National Museum of China， had suffered from insect damage， broken threads， losses， water damage， and stains. In order to formulate a reasonable protection and restoration plan， various modern analytical techniques were employed to analyze the physical properties of the paper， and the fiber composition and processing techniques were inferred according to the observed fiber morphology. In response to the contradiction between the large amount of ancient books and limited repair capacity， a classification repair plan was formulated based on preservation requirements. During the conservation work， sulphuryl fluoride fumigation was carried out before restoration， and the customized folding cases were made after the restoration. The results showed that the cover paper， label paper， and inner pages of the books were bamboo paper without coating. The average pH value of the ancient book paper was 5.5， indicating mild acidification. Given the strength of the paper， deacidification treatment was not performed during the restoration. In the actual restoration process， five volumes were selected for complete restoration that one of repaired page by page and flattened， four of underwent partial repair， and remaining volumes had covers’ repaire and the threads’ replacement.