包装用纸行业多尺度碳排放核算评估及低碳转型策略分析

Multiscale Carbon Emission Accounting Evaluation and Low-carbon Transition Strategies Analysis of the Packaging Paper Industry

关键词:  多尺度  碳排放核算  节能减排  包装用纸

Key Words:multiscale  carbon emission accounting  energy conservation and emission reduction  packaging paper

摘要:造纸工业各产品门类中，包装用纸生产规模较大，其行业整体碳排放量也较高，在“双碳”目标及“碳排放配额”等政策要求下，面临更大的碳减排压力。此外，包装用纸行业具有较为复杂的产业链结构，兼具“碳源”和“碳汇”双重特性，将常用的碳排放评估方法应用于包装用纸行业中往往存在结果不可比、时效性低的问题。本课题在行星边界框架理论和过程到行星分析框架基础上，针对造纸工业的实际特点，将评估框架拓展到环境系统，基于包装用纸的不同定量和原料构成设计了12种情景，并利用拓展到环境系统的多尺度碳排放核算模型进行评估。结果表明，在包装用纸的制造全生命周期过程中，废纸浆在原料中的占比越高，其净碳排放越高，单纯增加原生木浆在原料中的占比对降低净碳排放的作用有限，而提高秸秆浆占比可有效降低净碳排放量；在保证纸种性能的前提下适当减少纸种定量，可减少资源消耗和温室气体排放；不同的研究边界会影响碳排放评估的结果，研究边界较小会得到偏颇的研究结果。

Abstract:Among the various product categories in the paper industry， the packaging paper has a large production scale， resulting in a relatively high overall carbon emissions. Under policies such as “dual carbon” targets and “carbon emission quotas”， it faces greater pressure for carbon reduction. Considering the complex industrial chain structure of the packaging paper industry， which has both “carbon source” and “carbon sink” characteristics， traditional carbon emission assessment methods often suffer from issues such as incomparable results and low timeliness. This paper expanded the assessment framework to the environmental system based on the planetary boundaries framework theory and the process-to-planet analysis framework， tailored to the specific characteristics of the paper industry. Twelve scenarios were designed based on different quantifications and raw material compositions of packaging paper， and a multi-scale carbon emission accounting model extended to the environmental system was used for evaluation. The results showed that， during the entire lifecycle of packaging paper production， the higher the proportion of waste paper pulp in the raw materials， the higher its net carbon emissions. Simply increasing the proportion of virgin wood pulp had a limited effect on reducing net carbon emissions， while increasing the proportion of straw pulp could effectively reduce net carbon emissions. Reducing the basis weight of paper products appropriately， while ensuring their performance， could decrease resource consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. Different research boundaries could affect the results of carbon emissions assessment， and a smaller research boundary might lead to biased conclusions.