纤维素基吸波和隐身材料的研究进展

Research Progress of Cellulose-based Microwave Absorbing and Stealth Materials

关键词:  纤维素  纤维素基碳材料  复合材料  吸波和隐身材料

Key Words:cellulose  cellulose-based carbon materials  composites  wave absorption and stealth materials

摘要:随着信息技术的发展，电磁污染日益严重，为了能更好的吸收电磁波，提升战斗机等军事设备的隐身性能，吸波材料的发展越发重要。纤维素基吸波材料具有轻质柔韧、吸收频带宽、吸收强度高等优点，能够同时满足材料轻量化和对有效吸收电磁波的需求，是隐身材料的研究热点。本文综述了纤维素基碳质吸波材料和纤维素基复合吸波材料的研究进展，总结了纤维素衍生碳材料、纤维素基不同维度复合材料的制备方法、结构特点及其吸波性能。同时，探讨了如何通过材料设计提升其吸波效率和阻抗匹配性能的方法，以满足现代军事装备对隐身材料轻量化、高性能的需求，最后对其发展进行了展望。

Abstract:With the development of information technology， electromagnetic pollution is becoming increasingly serious. In order to better absorb electromagnetic waves and enhance the stealth performance of fighter jets and other military equipments， the development of microwave absorbing materials is increasingly important. Cellulose-based microwave absorbing materials have the advantages of lightweight， high flexibility， wide absorption bandwidth， and high absorption intensity， which can simultaneously meet the demand for lightweight materials and effective absorption of electromagnetic waves， so it is a research hotspot of stealth materials. This paper reviewed the research progress of cellulose-based wave-absorbing and stealth materials， summarized the preparation methods， structural characteristics， and wave-absorbing properties of cellulose-derived carbon materials and cellulose-based composites with different dimensions. At the same time， how to improve the absorbing efficiency and impedance matching performance through material design was discussed to meet the requirements of modern military equipment for lightweight and high performance of stealth materials， and its development was forecasted.