玉米秸秆乙酸法制浆废液用作土壤改良剂研究

Study on the Use of Waste Liquid from Corn Straw Acetic Acid Pulping as Soil Amendment

关键词:  玉米秸秆  乙酸制浆  制浆废液  土壤改良

Key Words:corn stalk  Acetic acid pulping  Pulping waste liquid  Soil improvement

摘要:针对传统秸秆还田效率低、易引发病虫害、乙酸法制浆废液回收利用制约其技术推广等问题，本研究采用玉米秸秆乙酸法制浆废液（降解液），通过盆栽试验探究不同浓度（稀释25~200倍）降解液对土壤理化性质、酶活性及叶菜生长的影响。结果表明：降解液含糖类、小分子有机酸等多种成分；施用降解液，土壤有机质含量提高、pH值下降、电导率升高、蔗糖酶和磷酸酶活性提高；稀释倍数大于100倍后土壤容重下降、土壤含水率提升、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性下降；稀释倍数大于50倍后铵态氮含量提升；稀释倍数大于100倍后全磷和有效磷含量提升；稀释50-200倍的降解液都能促进植株生长，稀释100倍的植株长势最好。玉米秸秆乙酸制浆废液全组分可以用于改良土壤，合适浓度的降解液可以改善土壤物理特性、化学肥力和生物肥力，促进作物生长，并促进乙酸法制浆技术进步。

Abstract:In response to issues such as low efficiency of traditional straw returning, susceptibility to pests and diseases, and constraints on the promotion of acetic acid pulping technology due to the recycling of waste liquid, this study utilized waste liquid (degradation liquid) from acetic acid pulping of corn straw. Through pot experiments, the effects of different concentrations (diluted 25-200 times) of the degradation liquid on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activity, and leafy vegetable growth were investigated. The results showed that the degradation liquid contained various components such as sugars and small molecular organic acids. Application of the degradation liquid increased soil organic matter content, decreased pH, increased electrical conductivity, and enhanced sucrase and phosphatase activities. When the dilution factor exceeded 100 times, soil bulk density decreased, soil moisture content increased, while urease and catalase activities decreased. Ammonium nitrogen content increased when the dilution factor exceeded 50 times. Total phosphorus and available phosphorus content increased when the dilution factor exceeded 100 times. Degradation liquid diluted 50-200 times promoted plant growth, with the best growth observed at a 100-fold dilution. The full component of corn straw acetic acid pulping waste liquid can be used for soil improvement. Appropriate concentrations of the degradation liquid can enhance soil physical properties, chemical fertility, and biological fertility, promote crop growth, and advance the technology of acetic acid pulping.