质子交换膜燃料电池气体扩散层制备研究进展

Research Progress on the Preparation of Gas Diffusion Layers for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

关键词:  质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)  气体扩散层(GDL)  微孔层(MPL)  水气传输  耐腐蚀性

Key Words:Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC)  Gas diffusion layer (GDL)  Microporous layer(MPL)  Water vapor transport  Corrosion resistance

摘要:气体扩散层(GDL)在质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)中的表现直接影响电池的效率和稳定性。近年来,研究者在GDL的制备工艺、结构设计、材料开发及水气传输性能方面取得了显著进展。例如:新型超薄、一体式和柔性GDL的研发扩展了燃料电池的应用范围；通过优化碳纸材料,如酚醛树脂改性和石墨化技术,提高了GDL的导电性和机械性能；微孔层的梯度设计与炭黑和碳纳米管比例的优化,改善了水气传输性能；水气传输界面的优化和耐腐蚀性研究进一步提升了GDL的长期稳定性。本文总结了这些研究进展,并展望了未来技术的应用方向。

Abstract:The performance of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) directly affects the efficiency and stability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). In recent years, significant progress has been made in the preparation processes, structural design, material development, and water vapor transport properties of GDLs. For example, the development of novel ultra-thin, integrated, and flexible GDLs has expanded the application range of fuel cells. Optimization of carbon paper materials, such as phenolic resin modification and graphitization techniques, has improved the conductivity and mechanical properties of GDLs. The gradient design of the microporous layer and the optimization of the carbon black and carbon nanotube ratio have enhanced water vapor transport properties. Moreover, optimizing the water vapor transport interface and corrosion resistance has further improved the long-term stability of the GDL. This paper summarizes these research advances and looks forward to the future directions of technology applications.