我国四种锦葵科植物韧皮纤维结构特征与物理性能研究

Study on the Structural Characteristics and Physical Properties of Four Types of Malvaceae Phloem Fibers in China

关键词:  锦葵科  韧皮纤维  结构特征  力学性能

Key Words:Malvaceae family  phloem fiber  structural features  mechanical property

摘要:本研究对我国野生的四种锦葵科韧皮纤维(假苹婆、家麻树、刚毛黄蜀葵和毛刺蒴麻)的纤维细胞壁结构和力学性质进行了研究。结果表明四种锦葵科韧皮纤维整体细长,具有明显的横截纹。四种韧皮纤维表面粗糙,微纤丝形成纵向波纹状褶皱；密度分布在1.54 - 1.63 g/cm3；结晶度分布在75.26% - 79.27%；微纤丝角分布在8-23°；刚毛黄蜀葵的零距抗张强度为112.5 N/cm,远大于其余三种韧皮纤维(23.4 - 54.9 N/cm),其强度大小与纤维细胞壁厚存在明显的相关性。

Abstract:This study investigated the fiber cell wall structure and mechanical properties of four wild Malvaceae phloem fibers from China, namely Sterculia lanceolata Cav., Sterculia pexa Pierre, Abelmoschus manihot var. pungens (Roxb.) Hochr., and Triumfetta cana Blume. The results demonstrated that all four phloem fibers exhibited elongated morphology with distinct transverse striations. The fiber surfaces were rough, and microfibrils formed longitudinal corrugated folds. The density ranged from 1.54 to 1.63 g/cm3, crystallinity from 75.26% to 79.27%, and microfibril angles from 8° to 23%. Notably, Abelmoschus manihot var. pungens displayed a significantly higher zero-span tensile strength of 112.5 N/cm compared to the other three fibers (23.4–54.9 N/cm), with its strength showing a clear positive correlation with fiber cell wall thickness.