六种荨麻科植物的化学组分、生物结构及纤维形态与性能分析研究

Analysis of chemical components, biological structures, fiber morphology and properties of six Urticaceae plants

关键词:  荨麻科  组分分析  生物结构  纤维形态与性能

Key Words:Urticaceae  component analysis  biological structure  fiber morphology and properties

摘要:本研究针对我国六种代表性荨麻科植物的化学组分、生物结构、纤维形态以及纤维性能进行了探讨与分析。研究表明，六种原料的组分存在显著差异，其中水麻和滇藏荨麻纤维素含量大于40%，其余均在20%~30%之间；束序苎麻和滇藏荨麻木质素的紫丁香基（S型）/愈创木基（G型）比例较低，其余四种原料木质素的S/G比例均大于1。六种原料均具有明显的胞腔结构，且具有较大的长宽比，其壁腔比分布在0.9~3.1之间，纤维之间相互交错缠结，呈现典型的网状结构。六种纤维的结晶度均在80%以上，其纤维密度相近，分布在1.56~1.74 g·cm-3，微纤丝角在8~33°范围内分布。滇藏荨麻纤维手抄片的零距抗张指数最高，达到了84.4 kN·m·g-1，其余5种纤维手抄片的零距抗张指数分布在44.1~66.2 kN·m·g-1之间。

Abstract:This study investigates and analyzes the chemical composition, anatomical structure, fiber morphology, and mechanical properties of six representative Urticaceae plants native to China. The results reveal significant differences in the chemical compositions of the six raw materials. Among them, Debregeasia orientalis C. J. Chen and Urtica mairei H. Lév. exhibit cellulose contents exceeding 40%, while the other four species range between 20% and 30%; The S/G ratio of lignin in Boehmeria siamensis Craib and Urtica mairei H. Lév. is relatively low, while the S/G ratio of lignin in the other four raw materials is all greater than 1. All six species possess well-defined lumens and relatively high aspect ratios. The fiber wall-to-lumen ratio ranges from 1.06 to 3.72, and the fibers interweave and entangle with each other to form a typical network structure. The crystallinity of all six fibers exceeds 80%, with similar fiber densities distributed between 1.56 and 1.74 g·cm?3, and microfibril angles ranging from 8° to 33°. The handmade sheet from Urtica mairei H. Lév. showed the highest zero-span tensile index, reaching 84.4 kN·m·g?1, while the values for the other five fiber sheets ranged from 44.1 to 66.2 kN·m·g?1.