浆糊改性对宣纸裱件柔韧性的影响研究

Research on the Influence of Paste Modification on the Flexibility of Mounted Xuan Paper

关键词:  浆糊改性  宣纸裱件  柔韧性  淀粉老化  书画文物修复

Key Words:Paste modification  Mounted Xuan Paper  Flexibility  Starch retrogradation  Restoration of painting and calligraphy cultural relics

摘要:针对书画装裱用传统浆糊干燥后易变脆、导致宣纸裱件产生折痕与断裂等物理病害的科学问题,本研究基于淀粉老化机制,分别采用制糊面粉发酵和添加高支链糯米粉两种方式对浆糊进行改性,考察改性浆糊薄膜的理化性能及其对宣纸裱件柔韧性的影响。研究通过XRD、色差分析等方法表征浆糊的耐老化性能,以弹性模量和耐折度评价宣纸裱件的柔韧性。结果表明:糯米浆糊的抗黄变能力最优,老化42天后色差值ΔE为13.61,约为传统浆糊的1/4,耐老化性能显著优于传统浆糊；发酵浆糊虽可降低裱件弹性模量、提升柔性,但耐老化性较差,老化42天后色差值ΔE达30.38。两种改性路径揭示了浆糊柔韧性与耐久性的内在矛盾:发酵改性提升柔性却牺牲耐久性,糯米粉添加增强耐久性但削弱柔性。

Abstract:This research deals with the problem of the conventional wheat-flour paste applied in mounted Chinese paintings and calligraphy. After it dries, it frequently turns brittle, leading to creases and fractures in Mounted Xuan Paper. Based on the principle of starch retrogradation, two modification approaches—fermenting the raw flour and adding high-amylopectin glutinous rice flour—were used to enhance paste performance. The anti-aging characteristics of the altered pastes were evaluated by means of XRD and chromaticity analysis. Meanwhile, the flexibility of the mounted Xuan paper were gauged through elastic modulus and folding endurance tests. Results showed that that glutinous rice paste demonstrates the highest resistance to yellowing, having a ΔE value of 13.61 following 42 days of accelerated aging—roughly one-fourth of the value of the unaltered paste—signifying notably improved durability. In comparison, fermented paste lessened the elastic modulus and enhanced flexibility. However, it has weak aging stability, achieving a ΔE of 30.38 during the same time frame. These discoveries emphasized an inherent balance between flexibility and durability: fermentation improved pliability by sacrificing long-term stability, while adding glutinous rice guaranteed durability but undermined flexibility.