陕西商州区博物馆馆藏书画文物表面微生物分析研究

Microbial analysis on surface of painting and calligraphy relics in Shangzhou District Museum of Shaanxi Province

关键词:  书画文物 微生物 鉴定与分析 陕西商州区

Key Words:Painting andcalligraphy cultural relics microorganism identification and analysis Shangzhou District, Shaanxi Province

摘要:由于书画文物组成材料的特殊性，如果保存过程中环境温湿度控制不当、通风不足，很容易滋生各类微生物尤其是霉菌的生长，对书画文物造成不同程度的损害。本研究针对陕西商州区博物馆馆藏书画文物表面疑似为微生物污染的污斑进行取样后，进行分离、纯化、培养。通过对纯化样品的ITS内转录间隔区片段测序，成功鉴定出12种真菌。书画文物表面滋生微生物的种属鉴定对除霉方法的选择起到了指导作用，也对修复后文物保存环境的改善及防霉剂的选择提供有效参考。

Abstract:Due to theparticularity of the composition materials of painting and calligraphy cultural relics, if the environmental temperatureand humidity are not properly controlled and the ventilationis insufficient during the preservation process, it is easy to breed all kinds of microorganisms, especially the growth of mold, causing varying degrees of damage to painting and calligraphy cultural relics.In this study, the stains suspected to be microbial contamination on the surface of calligraphy and painting relics collected by Shangzhou Museum of Shaanxi Province were collected and separated，purified and cultured.Twelve species of fungi were identified successfully by sequencing the transcribed spacer fragments of purified samples.The species identification of microorganism breeding on the surface of painting and calligraphy cultural relics plays a guiding role in the selection of mildew removal methods, and also provides an effective reference for the improvement of the preservation environment of cultural relics after restoration and the selection of anti-mildew agents.