全组分木质纤维素凝胶材料的制备方法进展

Progress in preparation methods of full-component lignocellulosic gel materials

关键词:  木质纤维素  凝胶  制备方法

Key Words:lignocellulose  gels  preparation methods

摘要:木质纤维素凝胶材料在具备传统凝胶特性的同时，兼具良好的生物相容性和可降解性，在吸附、储能、传感、催化、生物医学以及保温隔热等领域受到广泛关注。本文综述了全组分木质纤维素凝胶的制备方法，主要有物理交联法和化学交联法。其中，物理交联法包括溶解法和分散法，溶解法主要是通过常规有机溶剂、离子液体以及溴化锂等将木质纤维素原料溶解并在极性溶剂中再生形成凝胶。分散法主要是通过外加纳米纤维素“桥连”微/纳米木质纤维素纤维形成凝胶。化学交联法是指在木质纤维素溶液或悬浮液中加入交联剂，使木质纤维素分子链之间形成不可逆的共价键交联网络结构。最后，对全组分木质纤维素凝胶制备过程中存在的问题进行了展望。

Abstract:Lignocellulosic gel materials have good biocompatibility and degradability besides the advantages of traditional gels, which have attracted wide attention in the fields of adsorption, energy storage, sensing, catalysis, biomedicine and thermal insulation. In this paper, the preparation methods of lignocellulosic gels were summarized, including physical crosslinking and chemical crosslinking. Among them, the physical crosslinking includes dissolution method and dispersion method. The dissolution method is mainly to use conventional organic solvents, ionic liquids or lithium bromide to dissolve lignocellulosic raw materials followed by regenerating in polar solvents to form gels. The dispersion method is mainly to form gels by "bridging" micro/nano lignocellulosic fibers with the addition of nanocellulose fibers. Chemical crosslinking method refers to the addition of crosslinking agents in the lignocellulosic solutions or suspensions to make the molecular chains in the lignocellulosic fibers form network structures by irreversible covalent bonds. Finally, the existing problems in the preparation of full-component lignocellulosic gels were proposed.