基于木材的超级电容器电极材料的研究进展

Research Progress of Wood-based Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors

关键词:  木材  木质纤维素  多孔碳  超级电容器

Key Words:wood  lignocellulose  porous carbon  supercapacitor

摘要:天然木材由于其结构优异、数量庞大、种类丰富、可生物降解等特性成为研究范围较广的一种生物质材料。利用木材特有的结构制备得到的一系列多孔材料具有密度低、比表面积高、耐高温和膨胀系数小等优异性能，并且这些结构还为掺杂异质原子、负载过渡金属氧化物、聚合物提供了有效空间。采用木基多孔碳和其他新型导电材料制备得到的复合电极，不仅增加了比表面积，电化学性能也更加优异，为储能装置的优化提供了新的思路。本文主要介绍了优化天然木材多孔性的方法，以及掺杂异质原子、负载过渡金属氧化物/氢氧化物等新兴木基多孔碳复合材料的制备及其超级电容器的研究进展，并对其发展前景进行了探讨。

Abstract:Natural wood has become a kind of biomass material with a wide research interest due to its excellent structure， huge quantity， rich variety， and biodegradability. Taking advantages of the unique structure of wood， a series of porous materials with excellent properties such as low density， high specific surface area， high temperature resistance and small expansion coefficient were prepared， and these structures also provided effective space for doping heteroatoms， supporting transition metal oxides and polymers. The composite electrode prepared from wood-based porous carbon and other new conductive materials not only increased the specific surface area， but also had a better electrochemical performance， which provided more new ideas for the optimization of energy storage devices. This paper mainly introduced methods for optimizing the porosity of natural wood， as well as the research progress on the preparation of novel wood-based porous carbon composite materials doped with heteroatoms and supported with transition metal oxides/hydroxides and its application in supercapacitors. Finally， the development prospects were discussed.