摘要
以桉木硫酸盐法蒸煮黑液木质素和Fenton污泥为原料,氢氧化钾为活化剂,采用一步法制备磁性活性炭(MAC),利用比表面积及孔径分析仪(BET)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对MAC的物相结构进行表征,评价了MAC对亚甲基蓝和苯酚的吸附性能。结果表明,所制备的MAC具有较大的比表面积和良好的磁分离性能,其BET比表面积为1079
亚甲基蓝是一种广泛使用的阳离子水溶性偶氮染料,常产生于印染行业废水
黑液是造纸工业碱法制浆中的蒸煮废液,其含有大量木质素,传统黑液的处理方法是采用碱回收技术燃烧黑液中有机物以回收热
本研究从固废高值化利用的角度出发,以黑液木质素和Fenton污泥为原料,采用氢氧化钾为活化剂制备磁性活性炭(MAC),通过比表面积及孔径分析仪(BET)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)进行物相结构表征,研究MAC对亚甲基蓝和苯酚的吸附性能,明确木质素/Fenton污泥基MAC在废水处理中的适用性。
Fenton污泥是通过H2O2和FeSO4(摩尔比为2∶1)在pH值为3的条件下反应0.5 h,然后调节pH值至中性沉淀得到(以悬浮液形态保存,固含量为9.9%)。黑液木质素是通过桉木硫酸盐法蒸煮黑液在pH值为9和80℃条件下搅拌0.5 h,然后对悬浮液经过多次离心分离(3000 g)和去离子水清洗后得到(以悬浮液形态保存,固含量为18.8%
管式炉(OTF-1200X,合肥科晶材料技术有限公司);紫外可见光分光光度计(T6新世纪,北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司);pH计(EL20,梅特勒-托利多(常州)精密仪器有限公司);恒温摇床(DH161108-2T,上海岛韩实业有限公司);离心机(TDZ5-WS,湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司);比表面积及孔径分析仪(ASIQM0000000-6,美国康塔公司);X射线衍射仪(D8 advance,布鲁克AXS公司);振动样品磁强计(Squid-VSM,美国量子设计公司)。
根据黑液木质素与Fenton污泥混合比、浸渍比(活化剂与黑液木质素的质量比)、活化温度等因素进行初步实验,综合BET比表面积和磁性同时达到较高水平的原则,优选得到最佳制备条件。根据最佳制备条件进行的实验步骤如下:首先将黑液木质素与Fenton污泥(绝干质量1∶1)进行混合,然后把混合后的样品浸渍在KOH溶液(KOH与黑液木质素的质量比为2∶1)中搅拌2 h,浸渍后的样品在105℃条件下进行干
取200 mL亚甲基蓝溶液(300 mg/L)或苯酚溶液(200 mg/L)于锥形瓶中,加入0.10 g MAC(浓度0.5 g/L)置于恒温摇床中(30℃,150 r/min),每隔5、10、15、20、25、30、60、120 min取少量悬浮液,立即进行磁分离,分离后对亚甲基蓝或苯酚的浓度进行检测。
MAC对亚甲基蓝或苯酚的平衡吸附量 (mg/g)根据
(1) |
式中,和分别为溶液的初始浓度和平衡时浓度,mg/L;V为溶液体积,L;m为MAC用量,g。
取50 mL一定浓度的亚甲基蓝溶液或苯酚溶液于锥形瓶中,加入0.025 g MAC (浓度0.5 g/L),在30℃下振荡吸附至平衡,对吸附平衡后的悬浮液进行磁分离,分离后对亚甲基蓝或苯酚的浓度进行检测。
其中,亚甲基蓝溶液浓度分别为100、140、200、300、400、500 mg/L,苯酚溶液浓度分别为50、80、120、160、200、400 mg/L。
孔隙结构对MAC的吸附性能起决定性作
MAC的磁滞回线如

图1 MAC的磁滞回线

图2 MAC的XRD谱图
本研究采用准一级动力学方程(见
(2) |
(3) |
式中,和分别为平衡时的吸附量和t时刻的吸附量,mg/g;为准一级吸附速率常数,mi

图3 MAC吸附亚甲基蓝和苯酚的动力学数据和拟合参数
实验条件:吸附剂用量0.5 g/L,温度30℃,亚甲基蓝初始浓度300 mg/L,苯酚初始浓度200 mg/L。
由
采用Langmuir模型(见
(4) |
(5) |
式中,为吸附平衡时的浓度,mg/L;为吸附平衡时的吸附量,mg/g;为饱和吸附量,mg/g;b为Langmuir吸附常数,L/mg;为Freundlich吸附常数,L/mg;为Freundlich常数。

图4 MAC吸附亚甲基蓝和苯酚的吸附等温线和拟合参数
实验条件:吸附剂用量0.5 g/L;温度30℃;亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度分别为100、140、200、300、400、500 mg/L;苯酚溶液初始浓度分别为50、80、120、160、200、400 mg/L。
本研究以黑液木质素和Fenton污泥为原料,氢氧化钾为活化剂,采用一步法制备出磁性活性炭(MAC),通过性能表征和吸附实验,评价MAC对亚甲基蓝和苯酚的吸附性能。
(1)MAC的BET比表面积为1079
(2)当MAC用量为0.5 g/L、亚甲基蓝和苯酚的初始浓度分别为300 mg/L和200 mg/L时,MAC对亚甲基蓝和苯酚的平衡吸附量分别为288 mg/g和98 mg/g。
(3)MAC对亚甲基蓝和苯酚的吸附动力学特性均符合准二级动力学方程;Freundlich模型能更好地描述MAC对亚甲基蓝的等温吸附过程,而Langmuir模型在描述MAC对苯酚的等温吸附过程更佳。
(4)MAC经过5次吸附-解吸后,对亚甲基蓝和苯酚的平衡吸附量分别达到了原平衡吸附量的95.4%和91.4%,表明MAC具有稳定的再生吸附性能。
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