纳米纤维素制备方法的研究现状

Research Status of Nanocellulose Preparation Methods

关键词:  纳米纤维素  制备方法  纤维素纳米晶体  纤维素纳米纤丝

Key Words:nanocellulose  preparation method  cellulose nanocrytal  cellulose nanofibril

摘要:纳米纤维素由于其生物可降解性、低密度、高机械性能和可再生性而受到广泛关注。本文主要介绍了由木材或农业/林业剩余物生产的纳米纤维素的分类及制备方法，包括制备纤维素纳米晶体的无机酸水解法和酶水解法以及有机酸水解法、固体酸水解法、离子液体法、低共熔溶剂法和美国高附加值制浆法（American value added pulping，AVAP）等新型制备方法，同时介绍了制备纤维素纳米纤丝常用的预处理法和后续机械处理法，其中预处理法主要包括氧化、酶、有机酸、高碘酸盐氧化、低共熔溶剂、离子液体和溶剂辅助等多种预处理手段。最后分析了纳米纤维素的制备方法中亟待解决的问题，并展望了纳米纤维素的广阔应用前景。

Abstract:Nanocellulose has attracted attention widely due to its biodegradable， low density， high mechanical properties and renewability. This article mainly introduces the classification and preparation methods of nanocellulose produced from wood or agricultural / forestry crops， including inorganic acid hydrolysis， enzymatic hydrolysis， organic acid hydrolysis， solid acid hydrolysis， ionic liquid method， deep eutectic solvent method and American value added pulping method （AVAP） for preparing cellulose nanocrystals . It also introduces the common mechanical treatment methods and the pretreatment methods before mechanical treatment for preparing cellulose nanofibrils， including oxidation pretreatment， enzyme pretreatment， organic acid hydrolysis pretreatment， periodate oxidation pretreatment， deep eutectic solvent pretreatment， ionic liquid pretreatment and solvent-assisted pretreatment. Finally， the existing problems in the preparation methods of nanocellulose are analyzed， and the broad application prospect of nanocellulose is predicted.