两册清代北四阁《四库全书》书叶纸张的材料分析研究

Material Analyses and Study of the Book Page Paper from Two Volumes of Si Ku Quan Shu Stored in the Northern Four Pavilions in Qing Dynasty

关键词:  《四库全书》  金线榜纸  宣纸  纤维

Key Words:Si Ku Quan Shu  Jin Xian Bang Zhi  Xuan paper  fiber

摘要:本研究以北京大学图书馆藏文渊阁和文津阁2种《四库全书》抄本纸张为研究纸样，综合分析了纸张的组成成分。结果表明，2种纸样的定量相近，厚度和紧度有一定差异，且纤维组成均为檀皮和稻草，纸张类别均为宣纸；2种纸样正反面的微观形貌相同，均有少量矿物颗粒散布于纤维空隙，表面元素均为C、O、Si、S和Ca，其中C、O集中分布区基本与纤维整体形状一致，而Ca、S主要分布于被填充的纤维孔隙，为矿物颗粒的主要成分；2种纸样均为单层结构，有矿物颗粒无规分布于纸张内部，且矿物颗粒的主要成分为生石膏（CaSO₄·2H₂O），另文渊阁抄本纸张中还含有少量方解石（CaCO₃）。基于上述分析结果，初步推测文献中所记载的北四阁《四库全书》所用“金线榜纸”，一部分是含有生石膏成分的檀皮稻草混料单宣。

Abstract:In this study， choosing two version books of Si Ku Quan Shu from Wenyuan Pavilion and Wenjin Pavilion as research paper examples， a comprehensive analysis of the composition of the two paper samples was conducted. The results showed that the two types of paper samples had similar basis weight， but there were some differences in thickness and density， and the fiber composition of both paper samples were wingceltis and rice straw proving that the paper category was Xuan paper. The microscopic morphologies of both sides of the two paper samples were same， with a small amount of mineral particles scattered between the fibers， and main elemental components of the two paper samples were C， O， Si， S， and Ca. C and O were consistent with the overall shape of fibers， while Ca and S were mainly distributed between the fibers to be filled with pore space， proving for the main components of the mineral particles. Both paper samples had single-layer structure， and mineral particles were randomly distributed inside the paper， and the main components of the mineral particles in the two paper samples were confirmed to be gypsum （CaSO₄ · 2H₂O）， a small amount of calcite （CaCO₃） was also present in the paper sample from Wenyuan Pavilion. Based on the above results， it could be preliminarily speculated that part of the Jin Xian Bang Zhi paper used for the Si Ku Quan Shu stored in the northern four pavilions was single Xuan paper with the wingceltis and rice straw mixed material containing gypsum components.