纸质文物修复做旧用黄色系植物染色材料存在问题及解决措施

Existing Problems and Solutions of Yellow Plant Dyeing Materials Used in the Restoration of Paper Cultural Relics

关键词:  黄色系植物染料  纸质文物  做旧染色  染液改性

Key Words:yellow plant dyes  paper cultural relics  aging dyeing  dyeing modification

摘要:本研究梳理了修复装裱用纸做旧处理过程常用黄色系植物染色材料的种类及其应用实践中可能存在的问题。结果表明，根据色素化学结构，黄色系植物染料可以分为黄酮类、类胡萝卜素类、生物碱类、蒽醌类、单宁类、姜黄类6类。当前植物染液染制修复用纸存在的隐患主要有染液呈酸性、染液染纸易变色以及染液杂质含量高成分复杂3方面问题。为此，提出通过添加碱性物质调节染液的酸碱度，通过添加适量胶料、固色剂或在染色后对纸张汽蒸加热等方法，以实现染纸的固色效果等。此外，借鉴纺织领域利用植物染料染色棉麻织物的改性研究，提出黄色系植物染料改性使用的可行路径，探寻提高纸质文物修复用的植物染料安全性的思路和方法，以期为纸质文物修复提供一些帮助。

Abstract:This study offered a comprehensive review of commonly utilized the types of yellow plant dyes in the process of repairing mounting paper， along with potential challenges encountered during their application. The results showed that yellow plant dyes could be classified into six groups based on pigments’ chemical structure： flavonoids， carotenoids， alkaloids， anthraquinones， tannins， and curcuma. Currently， the primary hidden risks associated with employing plant dyeing solutions for paper restoration included 3 aspects the acidic nature of the dyeing solution， susceptibility to discoloration of dyed paper， high impurity content and complex composition in the dyeing solution. To effectively address these concerns， several approaches were suggested such as adjusting pH values by incorporating alkaline substances into the dyeing solution， adding appropriate amounts of adhesive and fixing agents， and steaming or heating the dyed paper after dyeing treatment. Furthermore， drawing insights from modification research conducted in textile field on cotton and hemp fabrics dyed with plant dyes provided valuable guidance towards exploring feasible strategies for modifying and utilizing yellow plant dyes to enhance safety standards when restored paper cultural relics.