木糖渣合成生物多元醇制备聚氨酯泡沫

Xylose Residue Synthesized Bio-polyols for Polyurethane Foam Preparation

关键词:  木糖渣  生物多元醇  聚氨酯泡沫  水  环戊烷

Key Words:xylose residue  bio-polyol  polyurethane foam  water  cyclopentane

摘要:本研究以木糖渣为原料，以聚乙二醇和丙三醇为改性剂，在特定条件下液化制备木糖渣多元醇，并以水和环戊烷为发泡剂，按比例加入催化剂、聚氨酯匀泡剂和多异氰酸酯制备聚氨酯泡沫。通过探索发泡剂、聚氨酯匀泡剂、催化剂的用量对发泡过程的影响，开发了组合料配方，并优化泡沫性能，同时解决了聚氨酯泡沫发泡速度慢的关键问题。结果表明，水系发泡下的最佳配比，压缩强度达257 kPa，而以环戊烷为发泡剂的最佳配比，压缩强度达320 kPa；同时，调整催化剂比例和多元醇的pH值，显著提高了聚氨酯泡沫的发泡速度。其中水系发泡下的聚氨酯泡沫，当KOH用量为0.55%，起泡时间从120 s缩短到了50 s，发泡时间从170 s缩短到了90 s；以环戊烷为发泡剂的聚氨酯泡沫，当KOH用量为0.69%时，起泡时间从104 s缩短到了52 s，发泡时间从101 s缩短到了80 s。

Abstract:This study used xylose residue as the raw material， with polyethylene glycol and glycerol as modifiers. Under specific conditions， the xylose residue was liquefied to prepare polyols， which were then used to produce polyurethane foam by adding water and cyclopentane as blowing agents， along with a catalyst， a polyurethane foam stabilizer， and polyisocyanates in a set ratio. By exploring the effect of the amounts of blowing agents， polyurethane stabilizers， and catalysts on the foaming process， a material formulation was developed， and the foam performance was optimized， addressing the key issue of slow polyurethane foam formation. The results showed that under the optimal ratio for water-based foaming， the compressive strength reached 257 kPa， while the optimal ratio using cyclopentane as the blowing agent achieved a compressive strength of 320 kPa. Additionally， adjusting the catalyst ratio and the pH value of the polyol significantly improved the foaming speed of the polyurethane foam. In water-based foaming， when the KOH content was 0.55%， the foam initiation time shortened from 120 s to 50 s， and the foaming time reduced from 170 s to 90 s. For the polyurethane foam with cyclopentane as the blowing agent， when the KOH content was 0.69%， the foam initiation time decreased from 104 s to 52 s， and the foaming time was reduced from 101 s to 80 s.