造纸法制备碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料的研究

Study on the Preparation of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites by Papermaking Method

关键词:  碳纤维  热塑性复合材料  力学性能

Key Words:carbon fiber  thermoplastic composites  mechanical properties

摘要:本研究以短切碳纤维为增强体，聚丙烯（PP）纤维为基体，采用湿法造纸工艺制备碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料（CFRTP）。通过正交实验，探讨了碳纤维含量、碳纤维长度、热压温度以及热压时间对CFRTP力学性能的影响。结果表明，碳纤维含量是影响复合材料力学性能的主要因素；正交实验条件下，当碳纤维含量20%，碳纤维长度5 mm，热压温度190℃，热压时间10 min时，CFRTP的性能最好，其拉伸强度为83.9 MPa，弯曲强度为52.5 MPa，缺口冲击韧性48.2 kJ/m²，对比同等条件下未添加碳纤维的材料其性能分别提高了189%、52%以及1021%。同时，通过单一因素实验探究不同碳纤维含量对CFRTP力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着碳纤维含量的增加，CFRTP的拉伸强度、弯曲强度以及缺口冲击韧性均先上升后下降。

Abstract:Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite （CFRTP） was prepared by conventional papermaking process using carbon fiber as the reinforcer and polypropylene （PP） fibers as the substrate. The effects of the dosage and length of carbon fiber， hot pressing temperature and time on the mechanical properties of the CFRTP composites were investigated through orthogonal experiment. The results showed that carbon fiber dosage was the main factor affecting the mechanical properties of CFRTP. When carbon fiber dosage was 20%， length was 5 mm， and hot pressing temperature was 190℃ and hot pressing time was 10 min， the performance of CFRTP was the best， with a tensile strength of 83.9 MPa， bending strength of 52.5 MPa， and notched impact toughness of 48.2 kJ/m²， which increased by 189%， 52%， and 1021%， respectively， compared with the sample without adding carbon fiber prepared under the same conditions. Meanwhile， the influence of carbon fiber content on the mechanical properties of the CFRTP composite was explored through single factor test. The results showed that tensile strength， bending strength， and notched impact toughness of CFRTP composite increased first and then decreased with increasing carbon fiber content.